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| HS Code | 728125 |
| Product Name | Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 |
| Cas Number | 8002-74-2 |
| Einecs Number | 232-315-6 |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Melting Point | 58-60 °C |
| Oil Content | ≤0.5% |
| Color | Saybolt +28 min |
| Density | 0.88-0.92 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Kinematic Viscosity | 4-6 mm²/s at 100 °C |
| Flash Point | >200 °C |
| Penetration | ≤20 (0.1 mm) at 25 °C |
| Solubility | Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents |
| Carbon Number | C20-C40 |
| Molecular Weight | 350-500 g/mol |
| Purity | ≥99% |
As an accredited Fully‑Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 is packed in 25 kg PP woven bags with PE liners, 40 bags per pallet. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading: Approximately 25 MT Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 in 25 kg bags, palletized and securely stowed for shipment. |
| Shipping | Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 is shipped as a non-hazardous solid in 25 kg bags or cartons, palletized and shrink-wrapped. Transport in cool, dry, ventilated containers away from heat, direct sunlight, and moisture. No special dangerous goods declaration is required; keep below 58°C and avoid contamination. |
| Storage | Store Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, flames, and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed and palletized off the floor to prevent moisture and contamination. Segregate from strong oxidizing agents. Maintain ambient temperatures below its melting point; avoid prolonged storage near hot equipment or in high-temperature warehouses. |
| Shelf Life | Fully-Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60 has a typical shelf life of 24 months when stored cool, dry, sealed, and away from sunlight. |
Under slot-die coating conditions at 170–180 °C, fully refined paraffin wax grade 58/60—defined by melting point 58–60 °C under ASTM D87 and oil content below 0.5 wt% under ASTM D721—functions as a non-polymeric viscosity depressant in EVA-based packaging adhesives. In continuous production on a twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 and screw speed 300–400 rpm, the wax is metered from a heated storage tank at 160 °C into an EVA-tackifier melt; the EVA backbone typically has 28 wt% vinyl acetate and a melt flow index of 400 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg according to ASTM D1238. Brookfield viscosity at 150 °C measured by ASTM D3236 with Thermosel spindle SC4-27 decreases from 18,000–22,000 mPa·s at 0 wt% wax to 4,800–7,200 mPa·s at 25 wt% wax; the ring-and-ball softening point measured by ASTM E28 falls from 103–108 °C to 84–91 °C over the same gradient. Slot-die application at 0.25–0.35 mm gap and pump pressure below 45 bar remains stable at the lower viscosity, but increasing wax above 30 wt% shortens open time on uncoated kraft to under 0.5 s, causing fibre-tear failure rather than adhesion failure under peel loading measured by ASTM D1876. Thermal stability during 72 h dwell at 175 °C under nitrogen blanketing is acceptable for the fully refined grade, while uncontrolled reservoirs without inerting shift Saybolt colour below +25 under ASTM D156.
| Wax addition (wt%) | Brookfield viscosity at 150 °C (mPa·s) | Softening point (°C) | T-peel adhesion on kraft (N/mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 18,000–22,000 | 103–108 | 4.1–4.8 |
| 15 | 9,500–11,800 | 97–102 | 4.3–5.0 |
| 20 | 7,200–8,900 | 90–96 | 4.5–5.2 |
| 25 | 4,800–7,200 | 84–91 | 4.1–4.8 |
| 30 | 3,000–4,500 | 78–85 | 2.1–2.6 |
Fragrance incorporation into a 58/60 fully refined paraffin wax matrix is controlled by the oil-binding capacity of the orthorhombic crystalline network formed during cooling from the melt. On production candle lines, wax is pre-blended at 90–95 °C under propeller agitation at 200–300 rpm; fragrance is added at 72–76 °C and the mass is cooled to a pour temperature of 60–63 °C in a jacketed vessel with wall temperature not exceeding 65 °C. At a fragrance load of 6–8 wt%, surface exudation remains undetected after 30 days at 25 °C and 50% RH only when the wax oil content does not exceed 0.5 wt% by ASTM D721 and when 2–5 wt% microcrystalline wax 70/80 is co-blended to interrupt continuous paraffin crystal growth. Stearic acid addition at 3–5 wt% lowers needle penetration at 25 °C from 12–18 dmm to 9–13 dmm under ASTM D1321, increasing demoulding integrity for pillar and container candles but narrowing the pour window. Fragrance doses above 10 wt% produce a liquid pool at the melt surface after 48 h at 30 °C, and wick clogging is observed because the higher free oil fraction reduces capillary flow through cotton core wick; producers therefore impose internal fragrance-binding limits of 6–8 wt% for fully refined 58/60 grades even though ASTM F2417 addresses flame height and soot emission rather than exudation. Converted outputs include scented container candles, pillar candles, votives, and wax melts.
On corrugated converting lines running at 150–300 m/min, a cascader or curtain coater applies fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 at 1.5–2.5 g/m² to medium- and high-wet-strength paperboard. Board preheating to 40–50 °C before wax contact limits fibre penetration and preserves surface continuity; cooling over chilled rolls at 10–15 °C sets the coat within 0.5–1.0 s. Water absorption measured by TAPPI T441 om-20 over 24 h falls from 40–60 g/m² on untreated board to 6–10 g/m² after coating at 2.5 g/m². Food-contact compliance in the United States rests on 21 CFR 176.170 for components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods and on 21 CFR 178.3710 for petroleum wax; the fully refined designation corresponds to a maximum oil content of 0.5 wt% under ASTM D721 and a high Saybolt colour minimum of +28 under ASTM D156. Cascader die temperature is maintained at 105–115 °C because the wax has a kinetic viscosity at 100 °C of approximately 5.0–6.0 mm²/s, and operating temperature above 120 °C accelerates oxidation, shifting Saybolt colour below +25 and generating off-odour in finished produce and seafood packaging. For European market entry, compliance with Framework Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 and applicable national measures for refined mineral hydrocarbons must be verified at the converting plant. Finished articles include wax-coated corrugated boxes for wet produce, frozen seafood packaging, and wax-impregnated interleaving papers.
Addition of 1.5–3.0 phr fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 to natural rubber/polybutadiene sidewall formulations containing 40–60 phr carbon black N330 or N550 contributes to static ozone protection by forming a wax film on the cured surface. The n-alkane distribution in the 58/60 grade, dominated by normal paraffins in the C22–C34 range, gives bloom onset between 40 °C and 50 °C in static storage; film thickness at 40 °C after 72 h is reported in the range of 0.3–0.8 μm by scanning electron microscopy on extracted sidewall specimens. Compounding on production-scale Banbury internal mixers with chamber volumes of 160–270 L places wax addition either with the second-pass masterbatch below 95 °C or during final mill mixing at 80–90 °C; the final-stage addition reduces wax migration into cooling water and improves batch-to-batch bloom consistency. Static ozone resistance is assessed by ASTM D1149 at 50 pphm ozone concentration and 20% strain for 72 h; compounds containing 2.5 phr wax show no visible cracking after 72 h, while unprotected compounds exhibit first cracks in 24–48 h. Equivalent EU testing for ozone cracking follows ISO 1431-1. The operational boundary is dynamic flexing: the surface bloom is ruptured continuously and cannot regenerate rapidly enough to prevent ozone crack initiation, so the compound still requires 1.5–2.5 phr of a p-phenylenediamine antiozonant such as 6PPD for dynamic service. Converted parts include tire sidewalls, vibration isolation components, and conveyor belt covers.
In anhydrous colour cosmetics, fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 is used at 5–15 wt% in combination with microcrystalline wax, candelilla wax, and carnauba wax to adjust drop point and the brittle-ductile transition of the stick matrix. The oil phase is heated to 82–86 °C in closed stainless steel kettles with propeller mixing at 150–250 rpm; pigments are introduced as a pre-dispersed paste in castor oil or caprylic/capric triglyceride, and high-shear homogenisation at 3,000–5,000 rpm for 10–15 min reduces agglomerate size until fineness of dispersion reaches 6.5–7.0 Hegman units under ASTM D1210. The mass is de-aerated under vacuum at −0.8 bar and 72–75 °C, poured into aluminium or silicone moulds at 60–63 °C, and cooled in a tunnel at 5–10 °C for 8–12 min; the surface sets while the core remains above the congealing point of 56–58 °C measured by ASTM D938. Drop point of the finished stick measured by ASTM D127 ranges from 60 °C to 72 °C depending on high-melting wax ratio, and needle penetration at 25 °C measured by ASTM D1321 is adjusted to 12–20 dmm to balance laydown and mechanical strength. Cosmetic-grade fully refined 58/60 is specified with 0.5 wt% maximum oil content by ASTM D721 and Saybolt colour minimum +28 by ASTM D156; regulatory compliance is assessed under Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, and stability testing follows ISO/TR 18811 for cosmetic products. Finished cosmetic forms include lipsticks, brow pomades, and waterproof mascara base phases.
Fully refined paraffin wax 58/60 is introduced to medium-density fibreboard and particleboard furnish as a water-repellent emulsion in the blowline or blender at 0.5–1.5 wt% on dry fibre. The wax is first melted at 85–95 °C and emulsified with cationic or anionic surfactants to a median droplet size of 1–3 μm at 40–50% solids; laser diffraction controls droplet size because coarse droplets above 5 μm reduce wax transfer efficiency and create surface spots on the finished panel. At 1.0 wt% wax, 24 h thickness swell under EN 317 falls from 18–25% for control boards without wax to 8–12% at panel density 730–760 kg/m³ and urea-formaldehyde resin loading 10–12% solids. The technical conflict is internal bond loss: raising wax from 1.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% lowers internal bond from 0.75–0.85 N/mm² to 0.50–0.60 N/mm² under EN 319, because wax films on fibre surfaces interrupt urea-formaldehyde crosslinking and reduce available hydroxyl bonding sites. On production-scale continuous presses, core temperature is held at 100–110 °C with press factor 8–12 s/mm; wax emulsion water content above 50% increases the risk of steam blows and delamination when mat interior vapour pressure exceeds gas permeability. Board formats include interior MDF for furniture fronts, laminated flooring substrates, and machined mouldings.
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Fully‑Refined Paraffin Wax 58/60, designated FRPW 58/60 on commercial certificates of analysis, is a low‑oil, light‑colored petroleum wax produced by solvent deoiling and catalytic hydrofinishing of a narrow paraffin distillate fraction. The numerical designation identifies the congealing point band measured by ASTM D938 or ISO 2207, with a typical release range of 58.0 °C to 60.0 °C. This grade is differentiated from semi‑refined and slack wax by its controlled oil content, low odor, and reduced content of unsaturated and aromatic species.
| Property | Test method | Unit | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Congealing point | ASTM D938 / ISO 2207 | °C | 58.0–60.0 |
| Oil content | ASTM D721 | wt% | ≤0.5 |
| Color, Saybolt | ASTM D156 | — | ≥+30 |
| Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C | ASTM D445 | mm²/s | 6.5–8.0 |
| Needle penetration at 25 °C | ASTM D1321 | dmm | 12–18 |
| Flash point, Cleveland open cup | ASTM D92 | °C | ≥250 |
| Density at 25 °C | ASTM D1298 | kg/m³ | 900–930 |
The term “fully refined” corresponds to a hydrogenation step after solvent deoiling and is not equivalent to a single specification value. The hydrofinishing step reduces sulfur, olefinic bonds, and colored aromatics. Residual sulfur measured by ASTM D4294 is typically below 10 mg/kg, whereas a semi‑refined wax may be delivered at 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. Aromatic content is monitored by ultraviolet absorbance using ASTM D2008; some supply agreements control the 290 nm absorbance at 0.1 maximum, although reported values vary with solvent blank and instrument cell path length. Low residual unsaturation and low sulfur content improve hot‑melt thermal stability and reduce odor generation in closed processing environments. The product is supplied as pastilles, slabs, or bulk liquid; pastille form supports gravimetric dosing on continuous compounding lines because bridging and dusting in feed hoppers are reduced.
In candle manufacturing, FRPW 58/60 is selected for molded products because the solidification interval and hardness support mechanical ejection while preserving wick‑coating integrity. On continuous rotary lines with water‑cooled aluminum cavities held at 12 °C to 18 °C, the wax is poured at 65 °C to 75 °C and released when the core is below the congealing point by at least 3 °C. Insufficient needle penetration—values below 10 dmm under ASTM D1321—is associated with edge cracking and split‑wick rejects in multicavity steel mold sets. Conversely, oil content above 0.8 wt% causes localized discoloration around the wick and burn instability because the heavier oil fraction migrates into the wick fiber during cooling. The 58/60 cut also provides a burn pool diameter that remains within conventional limits for 25 mm to 90 mm diameter candles; published data for this specific mold configuration is limited, so cavity residence time should be verified by thermocouple insertion and contraction measurement rather than inferred from melt viscosity alone.
During solidification, linear paraffins in the C24 to C34 range form interlocking platelets that determine the solid bridge across the mold. Cooling rate above 8 °C/min can generate microvoids because the volume contraction of paraffin wax from melt to solid is approximately 10% to 15% depending on oil content. Mold temperatures below 8 °C are avoided on multicavity tools because high thermal gradients create sink marks at the base and porosity around the wick anchor. In production‑scale continuous rotary lines with 50 g to 150 g candle cavities, the residence time before ejection is typically 8 s to 15 s, but material lot‑to‑lot variation requires periodic cavity pressure and ejection force checks.
In hot‑melt adhesive compounding, FRPW 58/60 is introduced at 25 wt% to 35 wt% into ethylene‑vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl acetate contents from 18% to 28%. Processing is performed on a co‑rotating twin‑screw extruder with L/D 40:1, barrel temperature 130 °C to 160 °C, and vacuum devolatilization to remove low‑level moisture. Under ASTM D3236 at 180 °C, wax addition reduces Brookfield viscosity from 8000 mPa·s to 1500 mPa·s at 25 wt%, depending on the resin grade and antioxidant package. The 58/60 melting point maintains heat‑fail temperature above 55 °C by ASTM D4498; lower‑melting 52/54 paraffin depresses the heat‑fail threshold and may creep below 45 °C in warm‑climate corrugated packaging. In high‑speed carton sealing, the 58/60 cut provides a longer open time than 60/62 but shorter than 56/58; the selection depends on line speed and substrate surface energy.
For moisture‑vapor barrier coatings, FRPW 58/60 is applied by curtain coating at 120 °C to 130 °C, often with 10 wt% to 15 wt% ethylene‑propylene copolymer to improve flexibility. Water vapor transmission rate measured by ASTM E96 at 38 °C and 90% relative humidity is coating‑weight‑dependent. A 20 g/m² continuous film may reduce WVTR to 30 g/m²/day on a smooth 200 g/m² kraft substrate, but transfer to porous corrugated board above 400 cm³/min Gurley porosity degrades the barrier because pinholes dominate the measured value. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; validation on the target substrate is required because fiber penetration and sheet roughness change the effective thickness of the wax film.
The primary differences between FRPW 58/60 and lower‑refined or branched wax fractions are visible in viscosity, penetration, and film bloom. Fully‑refined 58/60 has a narrower n‑paraffin distribution and lower viscosity than microcrystalline wax, which makes it a sharper melting, lower‑tack component. In contrast, microcrystalline wax contributes flexibility and higher oil retention but increases hot‑melt viscosity and may reduce heat‑fail temperature in EVA systems. Semi‑refined 58/60 may carry 1.0 wt% to 3.0 wt% oil and 100 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg sulfur; these species can produce odor, reduce Saybolt color, and poison precious‑metal hydrogenation catalysts in downstream polymer processing.
| Parameter | FRPW 58/60 | Semi‑refined 58/60 | Slack wax | Microcrystalline wax |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil content (ASTM D721) | ≤0.5 wt% | 1.0–3.0 wt% | 10–30 wt% | 1.0–2.0 wt% |
| Color Saybolt (ASTM D156) | ≥+30 | +20 to +25 | below +10 | ≥+25 |
| Congealing point | 58–60 °C | 58–60 °C | 45–65 °C | 60–85 °C drop melting point |
| Needle penetration (ASTM D1321) | 12–18 dmm | 18–30 dmm | not usually reported | 20–60 dmm |
| Molecular architecture | linear predominance C24–C34 | linear with residual oil | broad paraffin range plus oil | branched and cyclic, higher molecular weight |
In rubber compounds, paraffin wax blooms to the surface to form an ozone‑barrier film. The bloom behavior is governed by the n‑paraffin distribution and the solubility of the wax in the polymer matrix. FRPW 58/60 at 1.5 phr to 2.5 phr in sulfur‑cured NR, SBR, and EPDM produces a denser and less tacky protective film than semi‑refined wax at equal loading when evaluated by ISO 1431-1 or ASTM D1149. The low oil content minimizes film softening, and the narrow carbon distribution allows the wax to migrate at a predictable rate. Addition above 3.0 phr can reduce crosslink density and extend t90 on a moving‑die rheometer because the paraffin dilutes the cure package and competes with sulfur solubility. In peroxide‑cured materials, wax addition above 2.0 phr may reduce compression set resistance and is not recommended unless validated by ISO 815-1. The effect is compound‑specific; published data for specific equipment configurations is limited, and mill‑scale validation should include ozone chamber exposure at 50 pphm for 200 h to confirm film integrity.
In rigid PVC extrusion, FRPW 58/60 is used as an external lubricant at 0.05 phr to 0.15 phr. On counter‑rotating twin‑screw extruders with L/D 25:1 and screw temperatures from 160 °C to 190 °C, the wax controls melt‑wall slip and reduces plate‑out when formulated with calcium stearate. Fusion torque measured by ASTM D2538 shifts to longer mixing times as wax addition increases; above 0.2 phr, impact strength under ISO 180 may fall below the unmodified PVC baseline. For food contact packaging, the grade may meet 21 CFR 178.3710 requirements for petroleum wax if migration limits in the finished article are satisfied; compliance must be confirmed under the applicable food contact regulation. REACH registration is required for EU supply, and the substance identification should list the appropriate CAS registry for paraffin waxes and hydrotreated paraffin waxes.
Blocking resistance of pastilles in bulk storage is not solely determined by the congealing point. The n‑paraffin distribution in FRPW 58/60 is predominantly in the C24 to C34 range, with the residual oil phase saturated and low in aromatic content. Lower‑grade paraffin with the same congealing point but higher oil shows blocking at 35 °C to 40 °C because the oil fraction exudes to the pastille surface. In fully refined material, pastille storage at 40 °C is generally acceptable for 30 d without caking if the container is not loaded beyond 2 m head. Synthetic Fischer‑Tropsch paraffin of equivalent congealing point may have a different iso‑paraffin content and heat capacity, giving lower needle penetration and different shrinkage; substitution into candle formulations therefore requires recalculation of the pour temperature and demolding moment.
Melt handling above 110 °C requires inert gas blanketing or closed venting to limit thermal oxidation. Prolonged exposure above 140 °C increases peroxide value and can reduce Saybolt color below +25. The wax should not be combined with strong oxidizing agents. Storage below 40 °C in dry conditions prevents blocking and moisture inclusion; pastilles may generate dust at low temperature but remain free‑flowing above 5 °C. Where low‑temperature flexibility or high‑oil compatibility is required, a microcrystalline wax or a compounded wax blend should be evaluated instead, because FRPW 58/60 is a relatively hard, sharp‑melting grade and is not a structural flexibilizer.
